Since the discovery of theDNAstructure (1953) and the subsequent development of the Human Genome Project (1993–2003), molecular biology has become essential for understanding human physiology and the molecular basis of diseases. On the other hand, in recent years, enormous advances have been made in the field of geroscience. The development of novel tools in the omics field has become relevant for understanding the interactions between macromolecules (nucleic acids, proteins and metabolites) and for identifying biomarkers that may constitute accurate diagnostic or prognostic tools for identifying efficient therapeutic strategies to aid in the clinic. Hence, considering that these tools are relatively new in the field, in this chapter, we aim to describe the most used omics sciences (genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) as well as discuss the best results that could contribute to the understanding of the human aging process.